The mid-century modern (MCM) era witnessed the rise of several iconic furniture manufacturers, but few names resonate as profoundly as Heywood-Wakefield. This article embarks on a journey through the history, characteristics, and restoration of Heywood-Wakefield furniture, showcasing its enduring legacy in MCM design.

The Legacy of Heywood-Wakefield Furniture

In the illustrious world of Mid-Century Modern (MCM) design, few names evoke the same sense of nostalgia and admiration as Heywood-Wakefield. Established in the late 19th century, this iconic American furniture company left an indelible mark on the mid-century design landscape. Let's delve into the captivating history of Heywood-Wakefield furniture, tracing its journey from its humble beginnings to becoming an enduring symbol of mid-century modern style.

The story of Heywood-Wakefield begins in Gardner, Massachusetts. Cyrus Wakefield founded The Wakefield Rattan Company in 1855 in South Reading, Massachusetts. At its inception, the company primarily focused on producing goods made from rattan, a type of palm imported from Southeast Asia. Rattan was valued for its durability and flexibility, making it ideal for crafting furniture.

Cyrus Wakefield

Cyrus Wakefield was born on February 26, 1811, in South Reading, Massachusetts, now known as Wakefield in his honor. He grew up in a relatively modest family in rural New England. As a young boy, he likely experienced the agricultural and craftsmanship traditions of the region, which would later influence his career.

In the early 19th century, formal education in rural Massachusetts was limited, and it's possible that Cyrus Wakefield's formal schooling was primary. However, he was known for his innate intelligence and curiosity, which would serve him well in his later endeavors.

Cyrus Wakefield's education extended beyond the classroom. From a young age, he was a self-starter with a keen interest in business and entrepreneurship. His practical education likely began with hands-on experiences, learning various skills and trades. This early exposure to craftsmanship and industry would prove invaluable in his future career.

Cyrus Wakefield's entrepreneurial spirit became evident as he entered the business world. He started as a store clerk in a Boston dry goods store, gaining valuable trade and commerce experience. This early exposure to business operations and customer interactions gave him a solid foundation for future ventures.

Four centuries of American furniture by Fitzgerald, Oscar P in 1995 said, “Cyrus brought rattan with him from the docks of Boston which used to serve as packing material for exotic oriental imports.. Realizing its potential for furniture, he established the Wakefield Rattan Company, which opened its first factory in 1855. The company received an award for its displays of wicker at the 1876 Centennial. By 1885, the company's catalog illustrated 71 designs for wicker rockers alone plus countless stands, divans, tea tables, library tables, bookstands, étagères, music stands, piano seats, lounges, couches, footstools, and otto-mans. Star patterns, sunbursts, feathers, fans, and hearts added interest to these pieces. Braiding, twisting, pleating, or winding the wicker cane into scroll patterns achieved further diversity. By the 1880s, the more angular East-lake-inspired chairs, painted yel-low, green, and red as well as white, replaced chairs with curlicues. Competing with natur al wicker, by the early 20th cen-tury, was a process of winding twisted paper treated with a glue sizing around a wire core.”

Heywood Brothers & Co.

On the other hand, Heywood Brothers & Company was established in 1826 by five Heywood brothers - Walter, Levi, Seth, Benjamin, and William - in Gardner, Massachusetts. They initially specialized in producing wooden chairs, which became their signature product. Over the years, they expanded their offerings to include a wide range of wooden furniture.

The Heywood brothers were born into a family of craftsmen and entrepreneurs in Gardner, Massachusetts. Gardner was known for its thriving furniture industry, and the brothers were raised in an environment where woodworking and craftsmanship were part of daily life. Their father, Benjamin Heywood, was a skilled chairmaker, and their upbringing exposed them to the intricacies of furniture production from an early age.

Formal education in the early 19th century was often limited, especially in rural areas like Gardner. While specific details about the formal education of the Heywood brothers are not widely documented, they likely received a primary education in local schools.

However, the Heywood brothers' education extended beyond the classroom. Their practical education in woodworking, craftsmanship, and the furniture trade came primarily from their family heritage and upbringing. They learned woodworking skills, design principles, and chair-making art from their father, Benjamin Heywood.

The brothers likely gained hands-on experience as they grew older by working alongside their father and in various local workshops. This practical training was invaluable in preparing them for future furniture manufacturing roles.

The Heywood brothers' entrepreneurial spirit was nurtured within their family. They were raised in an environment where craftsmanship and innovation were highly valued. As they matured, they recognized the opportunities within the growing furniture industry and decided to establish their own company.

In 1826, Heywood Brothers & Company was founded in Gardner, Massachusetts. Initially specializing in producing wooden chairs, the brothers quickly expanded their offerings and grew their business. Over time, their dedication to quality craftsmanship, innovation, and business acumen allowed the company to thrive and become one of the leading furniture manufacturers in the United States.

Heywood-Wakefield Merger

In 1897, the Wakefield Rattan Company merged with Heywood Brothers & Company, creating Heywood Brothers & Wakefield Company, often called Heywood-Wakefield. This merger was a strategic move to combine the expertise of both companies and diversify their product lines. It allowed Heywood-Wakefield to produce a comprehensive range of furniture, from traditional wooden pieces to innovative rattan designs.

As the 20th century unfolded, so did Heywood-Wakefield's design philosophy. The company embraced the emerging trends of modernism and Art Deco, pivoting away from the ornate Victorian styles. This shift allowed Heywood-Wakefield to create furniture that was not only stylish but also functional—a defining characteristic of Mid-Century Modern design.

The merger marked a turning point for Heywood-Wakefield, as they began to produce some of the most influential and iconic furniture designs of the early 20th century. Their products were known for their quality craftsmanship, comfort, and innovative use of materials like rattan and wicker. Heywood-Wakefield became synonymous with the modernization of American home interiors.

The true zenith of Heywood-Wakefield's legacy came in the post-World War II era, during the heart of the MCM movement. Heywood-Wakefield, known for its iconic mid-century modern furniture, produced various pieces in the 1940s and '50s that have become timeless classics. Here are some of the most iconic Heywood-Wakefield pieces from that era:

• Wishbone Dining Chair: The Wishbone Dining Chair, designed by Leo Jiranek, is a symbolic piece known for its curved, sculptural backrest. It features a distinctive wishbone-shaped back and tapered legs, showcasing the mid-century modern design's sleek lines and simplicity.

• Champagne Wicker Rattan Furniture: Heywood-Wakefield's Champagne Wicker Rattan Furniture collection introduced a blend of wicker and rattan materials. Pieces like the rattan lounge chair and coffee table showcased their commitment to innovative materials and contemporary design.

• Crescendo Dining Set: The Crescendo Dining Set was celebrated for its clean lines and geometric shapes. The table featured a distinctive hourglass-shaped base, while the chairs boasted angular frames and upholstered seats. It perfectly captured the mid-century modern aesthetic.

• Kohinoor Dressing Table: The Kohinoor Dressing Table was a standout piece in Heywood-Wakefield's bedroom furniture collection. It featured a kidney-shaped design with a large, round mirror and curved drawers, reflecting the era's fascination with organic forms and functionality.

• Dogbone Dining Table: The Dogbone Dining Table was a striking piece with a unique, elongated top supported by tapered legs that resembled dog bones. This design added a touch of playfulness to the dining area while maintaining a minimalist appeal.

• Rio Vanity: The Rio Vanity showcased Heywood-Wakefield's expertise in creating elegant, functional furniture. It featured a sleek, curved design with a large mirror and spacious drawers, offering both style and utility.

• Cane Lounge Chair: Heywood-Wakefield's Cane Lounge Chair exemplified the use of natural materials in mid-century modern design. With its cane backrest and upholstery, it combined comfort and aesthetics seamlessly.

• Sculptura Collection: The Sculptura Collection, designed by Russell Wright, featured wire mesh detailing in tables, chairs, and other furniture pieces. It was known for its innovative use of materials and distinctive look, with intricate patterns and textures.

• Encore Bedroom Set: The Encore Bedroom Set included pieces like dressers, nightstands, and beds that featured Heywood-Wakefield's signature streamlined design and blond wood finish, creating a harmonious and functional bedroom ensemble.

• Heywood-Wakefield School Desk: A departure from the typical home furniture, the Heywood-Wakefield School Desk showcased their versatility. It was a functional piece designed for educational environments, with a sturdy wooden construction and practical features.

Characteristics of Heywood-Wakefield Furniture

Recognizing Heywood-Wakefield furniture is a testament to understanding MCM design. This chapter examines the defining characteristics of their pieces, from clean lines to the use of blonde wood, showcasing how these elements contributed to their timeless appeal.

One of the most recognizable features of Heywood-Wakefield furniture is its signature "blonde" or "wheat" finish. This light-toned finish, achieved using Northern Yellow Birch, imparts a sense of warmth and airiness to any interior space. It contrasts beautifully with the darker, more traditional wood finishes of previous design eras, making Heywood-Wakefield furniture an ideal choice for mid-century modern enthusiasts seeking a fresh and vibrant aesthetic.

Heywood-Wakefield's commitment to versatility and adaptability is another crucial aspect of its aesthetics. Many of their furniture pieces were designed to allow homeowners to mix and match items to suit their needs and spaces. This design philosophy aligns perfectly with the principles of mid-century modern design, which emphasize functionality and practicality.

1. The Streamline Era: Heywood-Wakefield embraced the sleek, streamlined designs of the era, resulting in iconic pieces like the Kohinoor, Contessa, and the ever-popular Rio collection. These designs featured clean lines, minimal ornamentation, and a focus on the natural beauty of wood.

2. Blonde and Wheat Finish: The company introduced a signature finish, known as "blonde" or "wheat," which showcased the beauty of light-toned Northern Yellow Birch. This finish became synonymous with Heywood-Wakefield and contributed to MCM interiors' airy and inviting atmosphere.

3. Versatility and Innovation: Heywood-Wakefield's furniture was celebrated for its versatility. Their dining tables, chairs, sideboards, and bedroom sets were designed with adaptability, allowing homeowners to mix and match pieces to suit their spaces.

Mid-century modern design places a strong emphasis on the use of natural materials, and Heywood-Wakefield embraced this principle wholeheartedly. Their furniture often featured solid wood construction, showcasing the inherent beauty of wood grain. Organic shapes, such as gently curved chair backs and tapered legs, added an element of nature-inspired elegance to their designs.

Restoring Heywood-Wakefield Furniture

Heywood-Wakefield furniture allows you to breathe new life into these iconic mid-century modern pieces, ensuring they continue to be appreciated for generations. Let's delve into restoring Heywood-Wakefield furniture and preserving its timeless beauty.

Assessment and Inspection

Before you begin the restoration journey, thoroughly assessing your Heywood-Wakefield furniture's condition is essential. Please carefully review each piece for signs of wear, damage, or structural issues. Take note of any loose joints, scratches, watermarks, or stains requiring attention. This initial assessment will guide your restoration efforts and help you prioritize tasks.

Cleaning and Surface Preparation

Cleaning is often the first step in the restoration process. Use a gentle wood cleaner to remove surface dirt, grime, and built-up residue. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that could damage the wood's finish. Once cleaned, lightly sand the surfaces with fine-grit sandpaper to prepare them for refinishing. Sanding helps smooth out imperfections and creates a clean canvas for the restoration.

Repairing and Rebuilding

Depending on the condition of your Heywood-Wakefield furniture, you may need to address various repair and rebuilding tasks. Loose joints can be reglued to ensure stability and damaged or missing hardware should be replaced with period-appropriate pieces to maintain authenticity. If you encounter deep scratches or gouges, consider using wood filler to fill in imperfections before sanding again.

Refinishing and Staining

Refinishing is a critical step in restoring Heywood-Wakefield furniture to its original glory. Use a clear, non-yellowing polyurethane finish or lacquer to achieve the signatu “wheat" finish. These finishes will protect the wood while preserving its light tone. If your furniture has significant discoloration or staining, consider using a wood bleach to restore uniformity before applying the finish.

Reupholstery and Fabric Restoration

For Heywood-Wakefield furniture with upholstered elements, reupholstery is often necessary. Choose fabrics that align with mid-century modern design principles, such as geometric patterns or solid colors that complement the blonde finish. Ensure the foam or cushioning is replaced to provide comfort and support.

Preservation and Maintenance

Once your Heywood-Wakefield furniture has been lovingly restored, it's essential to implement a maintenance routine to preserve its beauty. Regularly dust and clean your furniture with a soft, damp cloth to prevent dust buildup. Avoid placing it in direct sunlight to prevent fading. Consider using felt pads under furniture legs for wooden floors to prevent scratches.

Seeking Professional Restoration Services

While DIY restoration can be a rewarding endeavor, some tasks may require the expertise of professional furniture restorers. If you have valuable or particularly delicate Heywood-Wakefield pieces, it's advisable to consult with experts who specialize in mid-century modern furniture restoration.

Restoring Heywood-Wakefield furniture is a labor of love that allows you to breathe new life into these iconic mid-century modern pieces. By carefully assessing, cleaning, repairing, refinishing, and maintaining your furniture, you can ensure that its timeless beauty continues to captivate admirers of mid-century design. Whether preserving a family heirloom or curating a collection of MCM classics, the restoration process honors the legacy of Heywood-Wakefield and the enduring appeal of mid-century modern aesthetics.

Learning About Heywood-Wakefield

For those intrigued by vintage Heywood-Wakefield mid-century modern furniture, three recommended books offer valuable insights into identifying and appraising these pieces.

"Heywood-Wakefield Modern Furniture: Identification and Value Guide" by Steven and Roger Rouland, published by Collector Books in 1994, is a comprehensive reference. It showcases Heywood-Wakefield's prominent role in mid-century modern furniture history, providing detailed descriptions and images of nearly every piece produced between 1936 and 1965. This classic is highly regarded within the vintage furniture industry.

Buy Heywood-Wakefield Modern Furniture

"Heywood-Wakefield Blond: Depression to ’50s," edited by Donna Baker and released in 2007 under Schiffer Publishing's "Schiffer Book for Collectors" series, delves into the company's blond line, including pieces with Wheat and Champagne finishes. It features numerous archival catalog images and a pricing guide, making it an invaluable resource for enthusiasts.

Buy Heywood-Wakefield Blond: Depression to '50s

"Antique Wicker from the Heywood-Wakefield Catalog," also from 2007 and part of Schiffer Publishing's collector series, was authored by Bob Meschi. This book offers over 900 examples, descriptions of Heywood-Wakefield's wicker and wood furniture, and a pricing guide.

Buy Antique Wicker: From the Heywood-Wakefield Catalog (From the Heywood-Wakefield Catalog: With Price Guide)

These books not only aid in identifying Heywood-Wakefield pieces but also offer glimpses into the history of American design and décor, making them essential reads for collectors and admirers of mid-century modern furniture.

Collecting and Incorporating Heywood-Wakefield into Modern Spaces

How can I identify authentic Heywood-Wakefield furniture?

Heywood-Wakefield's enduring popularity is a testament to its remarkable craftsmanship and design sensibility. Founded in the late 19th century, the company gained prominence during the Mid-Century Modern era, producing a wide range of furniture known for its signature "blonde" or "wheat" finish. Their simplicity and functionality characterize the pieces, and the use of high-quality materials makes them highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts.

When embarking on a Heywood-Wakefield collection journey, it's essential to clearly understand the specific pieces you're interested in acquiring. Heywood-Wakefield produced various furniture, including dining sets, bedroom suites, and seating options. Decide whether you want to focus on a particular category or collect a diverse range of pieces to complement various rooms in your home.

Authenticity Matters

Authenticity is vital when collecting Heywood-Wakefield furniture. Look for original pieces with the manufacturer's mark or label indicating authenticity. Be cautious of reproductions or replicas, as they may need more craftsmanship and the value of genuine vintage pieces. Authentic Heywood-Wakefield pieces often feature labels or stamps that can help identify them. These markings can vary depending on the era and type of furniture, but here are some standard labels and stamps associated with Heywood-Wakefield:

• Paper Label (Pre-1930s): Early Heywood-Wakefield pieces may have a paper label affixed to the underside or inside a drawer. These labels typically include the company name, logo, and sometimes the piece's model number. Over time, paper labels can become worn or detached, so they may not always be present on antique pieces.

• Metal Branding Plate (1930s - 1960s): In the mid-1930s through the 1960s, Heywood-Wakefield often used metal branding plates on their furniture. These plates, usually made of brass or aluminum, are often affixed to the inside of a drawer or the back of a piece. They feature the Heywood-Wakefield logo, sometimes with additional information like the model number or collection name.

• Stamp or Mark (Early Era): Some early Heywood-Wakefield pieces may have a stamped or incised mark, which could include the company name or initials. These marks might be located on the wood, drawer, or back of the furniture.

• Ink Stamp (1940s - 1950s): During the mid-20th century, Heywood-Wakefield occasionally used ink stamps to mark their furniture. These stamps could include the Heywood-Wakefield name and possibly the model number. These marks are typically found on the underside of the furniture.

• Heat Stamp (Later Era): In later years, Heywood-Wakefield pieces may have a heat-stamped mark that includes the company name. These stamps are usually found on the underside or inside of drawers.

• Embossed Mark (Occasional): Sometimes, Heywood-Wakefield furniture may have an embossed mark on the wood. This mark could include the company name, logo, or other identifying information.

It's important to note that not all Heywood-Wakefield pieces will have labels or stamps, and these markings can vary depending on the specific model, era, and whether the furniture has undergone refinishing or restoration. Suppose you're trying to authenticate a Heywood-Wakefield piece. In that case, it's a good idea to consult reference books, expert appraisers, or reputable dealers who specialize in MCM furniture to ensure its authenticity. Examining the design, construction methods, and wood type can also provide valuable clues to confirm the authenticity of Heywood-Wakefield furniture.

In our article, Mid-Century Modern Furniture Makers: A Guide, read more about how to identify mid-century modern furniture.

Blending Heywood-Wakefield with Modern Spaces

Incorporating Heywood-Wakefield furniture into modern spaces requires a thoughtful approach that harmonizes the timeless elegance of MCM design with contemporary aesthetics. Here are some tips to achieve this balance:

1. Mix and Match: Don't feel constrained to create a strictly MCM-themed space. Heywood-Wakefield pieces can seamlessly coexist with modern furnishings. Mix and match styles to create a dynamic and balanced interior.

2. Color Palette: Stick to a neutral color palette to maintain the light and airy feel associated with Heywood-Wakefield furniture. Whites, beiges, and soft grays work well as primary colors.

3. Focal Points: Use Heywood-Wakefield pieces as focal points in your rooms. A stunning dining set or a sleek coffee table can draw attention and become conversation starters.

4. Accessorize Mindfully: Choose accessories and decor that complement the mid-century modern aesthetic. Think of geometric patterns, abstract art, and vintage lighting fixtures.

5. Open Spaces: MCM design often prioritizes open and uncluttered spaces. Avoid overcrowding rooms with furniture; allow your Heywood-Wakefield pieces to breathe and shine.

6. Natural Elements: Incorporate natural elements like wood, stone, and plants to create a connection with the organic materials used in Heywood-Wakefield furniture.

7. Minimalism: Embrace the minimalistic principles of MCM design. Please make sure to keep surfaces clean and uncluttered, and opt for functional pieces that serve both form and function.

Discovering Authentic MCM Heywood-Wakefield Pieces

If you're eager to add genuine MCM Heywood-Wakefield pieces to your collection or incorporate them into your interior design, there are several avenues to explore.

1. Vintage and Antique Shops: Vintage and antique stores are treasure troves for MCM enthusiasts. These establishments often carry a diverse selection of Heywood-Wakefield furniture, including dining tables, chairs, dressers, and coffee tables. Check out our article about mcm furniture shops in Sarasota. Be prepared to spend time sifting through their offerings, as you might stumble upon rare and unique pieces.

2. Online Marketplaces: The digital age has made finding and purchasing MCM Heywood-Wakefield furniture more accessible. Websites like Etsy, eBay, and Chairish host many listings from sellers worldwide. You can browse through detailed descriptions and photographs, making shopping for specific pieces or styles convenient.

3. Estate Sales and Auctions: Estate sales and auctions are fantastic opportunities to discover Heywood-Wakefield pieces. These events often feature entire households' worth of furniture and decor, and you might come across well-preserved vintage treasures. Keep an eye on local listings, and consider attending estate sales in MCM-rich neighborhoods.

4. MCM Specialty Retailers: Some retailers specialize in Mid-Century Modern furniture, and they may carry Heywood-Wakefield pieces. These stores curate their inventory to cater to MCM enthusiasts, making it easier to find specific designs or styles from the brand.

5. Networking and MCM Communities: Joining MCM enthusiast communities and forums can provide valuable insights and connections for sourcing Heywood-Wakefield furniture. Fellow collectors often share tips and recommendations and trade or sell pieces within these communities.

6. Antique Shows and Flea Markets: Antique shows and flea markets are vibrant venues where vendors showcase their wares. These events offer an opportunity to explore diverse collections of MCM furniture, including Heywood-Wakefield pieces. Bargaining and negotiating prices can be part of the experience.

7. Reputable Restorers: If you're committed to acquiring Heywood-Wakefield furniture but want to ensure its impeccable condition, please contact reputable furniture restorers. They often source, restore, and sell MCM pieces, providing you with meticulously refurbished items that look as good as new.

8. Estate Liquidation Companies: Estate liquidation companies specialize in handling the contents of estates, including furniture. These companies can be valuable resources for finding Heywood-Wakefield pieces from well-preserved estates.

When searching for Heywood-Wakefield furniture, it's essential to research the brand's various lines and styles, such as the "Wheat" or "Champagne" finish collections, to identify the pieces that resonate with your design vision.

Heywood-Wakefield Furniture - A Timeless Mid-Century Modern Gem

Why is Heywood-Wakefield furniture highly valued?

Heywood-Wakefield played a pivotal role in shaping the Mid-Century Modern movement. Established in the late 19th century, the company gained prominence during the mid-20th century for its innovative approach to furniture design. It introduced a distinctive "blonde" or "wheat" finish that became synonymous with MCM design. This light wood tone, clean lines, and organic forms revolutionized furniture aesthetics, departing from the heavy, ornate styles of the past.

The enduring appeal of Heywood-Wakefield furniture lies in its timeless elegance. The company's commitment to using high-quality materials, such as solid wood and fine craftsmanship, ensures the longevity of its pieces. The simplicity of design and functionality have allowed Heywood-Wakefield furniture to seamlessly adapt to changing design trends over the decades.

One of Heywood-Wakefield's most remarkable contributions is its ability to bridge the gap between the mid-20th century and today's design sensibilities. Many of its pieces effortlessly blend into modern interiors, maintaining their relevance and charm. Whether it's a sleek coffee table, a dining set, or a stylish bedroom suite, Heywood-Wakefield furniture offers a touch of classic sophistication that complements contemporary aesthetics.

Heywood-Wakefield pieces have become highly coveted by collectors and enthusiasts alike. The company's legacy and commitment to quality have elevated its furniture to the status of coveted collectibles. Authenticity and rarity are key factors that contribute to the desirability of Heywood-Wakefield pieces in the collector's market.

About the Authors

Jamie and Lyle, MCM enthusiasts at Plaidsmith.com, offer hands-on experience and expert insights into mid-century modern design. They curate authentic pieces, share historical context, and guide clients to make informed choices. Their expertise spans iconic designers, restoration techniques, and trends. Trusted authorities in the field continually expand their knowledge to stay at the forefront of MCM. Beyond work, they explore auctions, learn restoration techniques, and enjoy vintage catalogs, embodying their passion for mid-century modern design.